Testing Overview and Black Box Testing

Question: Describe about the Testing Overview and Black Box Testing? Answer: Plan to evaluate the new system The first thing that should be evaluated is the efficiency of the systems. Efficiency means the processing speed, storing capacity of the system and various other problems that can happen in a computer system. It is also important to check the system as, if it will not work properly then the working capacity of the stores will decrease. For checking the efficiency of the systems a team of specialists will be constructed, high quality business telephones, and modems will also be installed. For better processing, the computer processor will be analysed (Young, 1998). For checking the Internet speed, the internet connection will be used by the specialists for two days. 3rd generation network provider will be used for the better internet processing. The second thing that should be checked is whether the purchased systems are fulfilling the needs and requirements of the organization. It is really important to check if the system purchased will properly fulfil the requirements of the organization, if not, then it is worthless to purchase that system. For checking this, our team of professionals will consist of some technical people who will check whether the system is effectively performing the task which they have to perform in the working period(Pezze, 2007). If it is felt that there is any problem in any part of the system and software processing, then it can be guided properly in understanding the system working. Thus, this is how the above task of checking the system will be performed. Plan to evaluate the on-going effectiveness of system for future needs An iterative process will be used to check the effectiveness of the system. Iterative process will actually consist of various steps. First step will be identifying the requirements and needs of the organization. In this process, the needs and the requirements of the system will be identified which will be required to fulfil the task in the future. The second step is to make a team which can check the system properly according to the identifications(Willliams, 2006). If there will be a requirement of new system then that will be ordered from the market and will be evaluated according to the previous step. Effectiveness of staff training and future training plan Training of staff is also important for the new system. For enhancing the effectiveness and the efficiency of the work in the organization, the training of staff is very important. For this, the staff will be introduced with the new systems(Brum, 2010). They will also be trained to handle and work on the system if any changes are performed on the systems in future. The training will also be held for the staff to learn the new changes. Those staffs who are fresher, will be trained by the existing staff in the organization. Bibliography Brum, S. (2010). What impact does training have on employee commitment an employee turnover. University of Rhode Iceland, 1-10. Pezze, M. (2007). System, Acceptance and regression testing. 1-2. Willliams, L. (2006). Testing overview and Black Box testing. 45-52. Young, M. (1998). Integration and system testing. CIS, 1-20.

Demonstrated Business Computer Science

Question: Describe about the Computer Science for Demonstrated Business. Answer: 1: Describe a situation in which you were able to use persuasion to successfully convince someone to see things your way. This reminds me of an incident back during my schooling days. I had been given responsibility to raise funds for an event of charity organized by Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny. Convincing people to contribute for charity is not easy, it requires persuasion skills. I sent mails to my other friends at school, relatives as well as neighbors, asking them to sign up for a cause by providing their signatures on a donation form. They were reluctant at first but I gave a presentation on how the funds that would be raised, will be donated to one of the sister organizations of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, and how it would aid in the health and well being of socially deprived children. I demonstrated them on how their contribution will help educating these children and encouraged them to contribute towards a positive cause. 2: Describe a time when you were faced with a stressful situation that demonstrated your coping skills. In my previous place of employment, I had to complete a project within a specified deadline within a short notice. I had to deliver products to the clients, within a specified time. Since the project was on such a short notice, I had to rearrange the schedule with regard to the time and the dates of delivery, negotiate with the clients and prioritize the delivery according to the urgency of the clients. 3: Give me a specific example of a time when you used good judgement and logic in solving a problem The need to do the right thing requires judgment and understanding of the different aspects of a situation. A similar case had occurred where there was a project which had to be completed within a specified time, yet it was evident that the time period provided was not sufficient enough for the project at hand. I had to face pressure from the client as well as my team members to whom the task was allocated, to make a decision pertaining to the missing of deadline. I escalated the issue to the manager, because I felt it was the right decision to be taken at that moment of crisis. After consulting my manager I learnt about previously informing the client requesting him to extend the deadline. This ensured to sustain a strong relation with the client and also to maintain the reputation. 4: Give me an example of a time when you set a goal and were able to meet or achieve it. I was given the responsibility for the promotion and marketing for an influential event within a time period of three months, which was a pretty difficult task. The requirement of my task was basically to build relation with the various international sports and broadcasting companies to promote advertising of the product. Building contacts had significant contacts with the international sports media attracted the interest of the people. Additionally I also promoted the product by the distribution of flyers and posters, this also allured the people towards the event. At the time of the event, there were increased number of viewers than expected and it proved to be a successful event. 5: Tell me about a time when you had to use your presentation skills to influence someone's opinion. During a project at my school I was asked to demonstrate the importance of audio visual education in schools along with the textual education to a sister school which facilitated education for deprived children. I portrayed the different aspects of human reception to audio and visual advertising and also mentioned the advantages related to the educational tool. This proved to be quite influential and this proposal was accepted by the institution. 6: Give me a specific example of a time when you had to conform to a policy with which you did not agree. There was a time I had to disagree with my team lead regarding the processing a request of a customer which I thought was too demanding. I ended up processing the request, yet it was beneficial in the long run, since it helped in maintaining the reputation of the organization and sustaining good relations with the customer. 7: Please discuss an important written document you were required to complete. I was asked to write a report on an event, highlight the effects of the event on national and international level and the amount of awareness created within the general population and media. I coordinated with the event management as well as interacted with all the local important people, VIPs, and also the local media and made a note of their opinion on the importance of conducting the event. 8 : Tell me about a time when you had to go above and beyond the call of duty in order to get a job done. In a socio-cultural event organized for the deprived people, I had to ensure that the people attending were properly entertained and their needs were taken care of. In such an instance, there was an elderly disabled person who required assistance. I not only he was well taken care of but also made arrangements for a cab service to drop him home safely. 9: Tell me about a time when you had too many things to do and you were required to prioritize your tasks. While working for a goods delivery company, I had to assign deadlines for delivering the goods to the clients. The deadlines were decided by negotiating with the clients, and the urgent requirement of the goods which needs to be delivered. In such a situation, where there is a postal strike, it was obvious that the goods will not be delivered within time. In this case I had to prioritize the requirements of the client and reschedule the dates of delivery according to the urgency of the service. 10: Give me an example of a time when you had to make a split second decision I was the organizer of a cultural event. On the day of the event, there was an electricity issue in the venue where the event was to be held. So it rested on me whether to cancel the event or search for an alternative solution to the problem. I decided to look for other locations available at that point of time, instead of cancelling or postponing the event. 11. What is your typical way of dealing with conflict? Give me an example. People from different backgrounds working in a team or members of different teams working in a particular project is bound to have conflicts sometime or the other. This is caused due to differences in ideologies and assessing skills. I t is necessary for a person to have an open mind to view all the aspects of the situation before concluding to a decision. There are many instances where there was a conflict between team members in determining the area of service for a particular customer. I have interacted with the service centers at the respective locations and then determined the area of service, even though it took a few days to make a decision. It ensured that the customer was not harassed. 12: Tell me about a time you were able to successfully deal with another person even when that individual may not have personally liked you (or vice versa). It happens many a time that we have to interact with people whom we do not like as a person. Though I do not personally like my manager, I am answerable and I report to him. Also I am strictly professional while interacting with him. 13: Tell me about a difficult decision you've made in the last year. During the process of recruitment I was given the responsibility to interview people and select them for the final screening. I had interviewed quite a number of people, one of them was a senior candidate, which my manager did not approve of, since he believed that a team should be of a particular range of age. It was a difficult decision to relieve him even I did not want to since he seemed very efficient for the job role. 14: Give me an example of a time when something you tried to accomplish and failed. I had always wanted to start my own education consultancy, thinking I could be a better entrepreneur. I was passionate in my approach, and performed extensive market research and study, to come to a conclusion that there is a requirement for the service in the market. However, the business resulted in a failure since I lacked management skills. 15: Give me an example of when you showed initiative and took the lead. I was once given an opportunity to organize a sales team in a previous company where I was employed. I first outlined the methods in which the team would function, and also assessed the possible outcomes. I provided the opportunity to every team member to voice their opinions and listened to their perspective patiently. I also helped to reduce the fear of failure by allowing team members to take every failure as a lesson. 16: Tell me about a recent situation in which you had to deal with a very upset customer or coworker. Serving the role of a customer representative, in my previous employment, I had to interact with customers on a daily basis. There were certain instances where the customer was extremely dissatisfied with the service of the company. It was my responsibility to understand the reason for his dissatisfaction, empathize and provide proper service which is beneficial for him. This ensures the reputation of the company is maintained. 17: Give me an example of a time when you motivated others. I had been in charge of the sales in an information technology company. I always set a positive example for others to increase sales by educating the customers and encouraging them to buy the products of the company. Also I provided new offers and benefits for the customers, who would purchase a bulk of products at a time. This increased the financial gains of the company. 18: Tell me about a time when you delegated a project effectively. I delegated a project effectively at the time of assisting a project, which includes business research. The project was focusing on institutions in U.S. specializing in technology, communications and media. The work was to speak with west and east coast universities of U.S. while collaborating with marketing and management individuals. 19: Give me an example of a time when you used your fact-finding skills to solve a problem. I used my fact-finding skills to solve a problem at the time, when I worked within a publicity and press environment. I was accountable for creating media coverage to make awareness of events in between the main stakeholders. Before launching any plan, it is necessary to do the research. Therefore, under guidance of senior staffs, through press liaison, I did research of stories for dissemination and distribution to local media. 20: Tell me about a time when you missed an obvious solution to a problem. I missed an obvious solution to a problem when I participated in a class project that needed interpreting and gathering of a generous amount of data related to human behavior. Our goal was to build a predictive response model, which will focus on the cope up of the stress of people. The data did not occur to confirm our hypothesis, and we had lost the confidence. 21: Describe a time when you anticipated potential problems and developed preventive measures. I anticipated potential problems and developed preventive measures at my early days, when I was a Project assistant. I observed that I was going through a tough time in data collection and completion of the tasks within due time. Therefore, I asked for a team meeting, where I discussed about the problem and took the guidance from the other team members. 22: Tell me about a time when you were forced to make an unpopular decision. I was forced to make an unpopular decision when I was a team leader in my college. The student budget committee wanted to utilize the excess funds to arrange a Spring Party, but I didnt allow. I told them that the fund is meant for knowledge not for amusement. So, I saved that excess amount to be utilized in the future. 23: Please tell me about a time you had to fire a friend. Being a member of recreation club, I was provided the responsibility of organizing a cultural event for the fund raising of people who are socially deprived, it also encompassed the promotion of a new FMCG company, who promised to provide free supplies to such deprived population. So a friend of mine had volunteered for the cause, so I had asked him to take care of the promotions of the FMCG Company by making posters and flyers. Since he was employed as an insurance agent he had to meet his clients so could not manage his time with both the jobs at hand. So I had to ask him to leave, since he was not able to complete the job on time and the event would lose its purpose. 24: Describe a time when you set your sights too high (or too low) While setting up my own business I was expecting a lot from it, based on the market researches that I had conducted it seemed there was a lot of demand for the handicraft goods. Yet things turned out to be very ugly, when I tried to sell the products. Since it did not seem cost effective, and it turned out that people are more interested in purchasing manufactured and finished products.

Japan Essays (931 words) - Japanese Archipelago, Honshu, Japan

Japan Japan Table of Contents I. Geography a.) Land b.) Climate c.) Vegetation d.) Population and Culture e.) Natural Resources and Land Usage II. History a.) Post WWII-Present III. Economics IV. Politics and Government V. Military VI. International Relations VII. International Appeal The island of Japan (145,826 sq. mi.) is located in the North Pacific Ocean. It is bounded by on the north by the Sea of Okhotsk, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea, and on the west by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan. I. Geography a.) Land Japan is made up of four islands: Hokkaido, Kyushu, Honshu, and Shikoku. The Entire country is smaller than the state of Montana. Honshu is the largest island of the four. It is a very mountainous island and features the Japanese Alps, which is home to Mount Fuji, Japan's highest peak. These Alps also harbor many active and inactive volcanoes. The Kanto Plain, the largest lowland in the country spreads from the Alps. Hokkaido, the northernmost and second largest island is full of forested mountains and hills. Although large in size, Hokkaido only has about 5% of the nation living there. The steep, walled heavily forested mountains that run down the center of the island characterize Kyushu. Kyushu has rolling hills, wide plains and doesn't have much fertile farmland. Many mountains and hills cross up Shikoku, Japan's smallest island. b.) Climate The climate in Japan is generally mild. However, the temperature for each island varies. For instance, in Hokkaido and northern Honshu, the winters are usually bitterly cold and the summers are very short. In Kyushu, Shikoku, and southern Honshu, the summers are long and humid and winters are mild. All areas in Japan are subject to at least 40 inches of rain a year. Typhoons are common in late summer-early fall. c.) Vegetation Japan is home to more than 17,000 species of flowering and nonflowering plants. Trees in Japan are predominately conifers; the most common species is the sugi or Japanese cedar. Other evergreens such as the larch, spruce, and fir thrive there also. On Kyushu, Shikoku, and southern Honshu, subtropical trees like bamboo, camphor, and banyan are all prevalent. d.) Population and Culture Approximately 125,449,703 people currently live in Japan, making it one of the most population dense countries in the world. Seventy-eight percent of Japan's population reside in the large urban areas such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Kawasaki. Japan is ethnically 99% Japanese and the remaining 1% is comprised of Koreans, Chinese, and the Ainu, the aboriginal people of Japan. The major religions of the Japanese people are Shintoism and Buddhism. Japan is also a very appreciative and cultured country. Japan has a large, state-of-the-art library in virtually every major city. The University of Tokyo Library boasts more than 6.3 million volumes and increases by 200,000 volumes every year. Japan also has many modern galleries and museums, such as the Tokyo National Museum. The Japanese, who place high value on education, attend one of over 60 national universities or the countless other private institutions there. The Japanese also are lovers of all types of sports. Baseball, soccer, volleyball, tennis, and skiing are all secular favorites. a.) Natural Resources and Land Usage Japan has various minerals, but has generally small quantities of them all. Thus, Japan imports almost all minerals that it requires. Limestone is the primary mineral mined in Japan. Other minerals available in minute quantities are coal, natural gas, copper, lead, zinc, and quartzite. Japan has utilized its large waterpower potential to produce massive amounts of energy. II. History III. Economics Japan's unit of currency is the yen. The national bank of issue is the Bank of Japan. Due to the lack of arable land, agriculture plays a small part in Japan's economy, while mining, manufacturing, and other industries employ 70 percent of the workforce. Fishing and forestry are both very lucrative industries in Japan. Japan's leading manufactured items include chemicals, transportation equipment, metal and metal goods, electrical machinery, and non-electrical machinery. Japan has one of the world's strongest economies. Although economically devastated after WWII, Japan became strong again in the late-1950's to early-1960's. The primary exports in Japan are electronics, automobiles, machines, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, precision instruments, and office machines. Japanese imports include live animals, textiles, metal

ES 105 Essay Example

ES 105 Essay Example ES 105 Paper ES 105 Paper The radioactive fuel of earth is U, Th, K The early Earths atmosphere was mostly made of CO2, water, and hydrogen sulfide. Relative to the age of the earth, the fraction of time that humans have existed is 0.04% Early heating of the earth:1. formed the core and mantle2. metled iron and some nickel3. led to the formation of the magnetic field4. occurred soon after planetary formation5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) all of the above Early life on earth:1. began in the oceans2. dates back to at least 3.8 billion years3. was one-celled bacteria and algae4. thrived near sea floor plate boundaries 5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) 5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) Humans on Earth1. as genus homo date back to 2.5 million years, species homo sapien 40,000 years2. did not have a population of about 1 billion until the year 18303. emerged during the Ice Age4. settled the Americas during the last 15,0005. all of the above 5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) The current human population is over 7 billion Earths early atmosphere was derived from volcanoes The core of the earth is principally composed of iron + nickel The convecting zone of a partial melt in the mantle is termed the aesthenosphere The oldest life forms on planet earth include (name one) algae (2.2 b.y ago) The oldest rocks within the continents date back to ___ billion years 4 billion Island arcs result from convergence of two ocean plates? T/F True subduction zone earthquakes range in depth from shallow at the trench to several hundred kilometers beneath the overriding plate T/F True Ocean crust is oldest at the ocean ridges and becomes progressively younger the distance from the ridge T/F False The longest mountain range of the earth is mostly underwater T/F True Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges True The present site of the Ural mountains represents the demise of a long lost ocean True A _______ plate boundary is one marked by volcanism, compressional deformation and an inclined zone of earthquakes convergent A ________ plate boundary is one marked by volcanoism, extension and shallow earthquakes divergent The Mediterranean is a remnant of the _____sea Tethys Ocean Volcanic islands above subduction zones have arcuate trends because the earth is ____________ round Continents and island arcs grow in size at zones of subduction by the dual process of ________ and accretion volcanoism the wedge of sediments accumulating off shore of a rifted continental margin is known as a geoclines The author of the Continental drift was also shot twice in WWI set an air balloon record in 1906, wrote the book the origin of the continents and oceans in 1915 and later died in 1930 expedition in greenland where his remains continue to be buried in ice. He was _____ Alfred Wegner Most of the Earths seafloor has been recycled back into the mantle T/F True The greater the distance to an earthquake epicenter, the longer time between primary and secondary waves True The San Andreas Fault is a boundary between the North American and Pacific plates, the latter presently moving northward toward the Aleutian Trench T/F True The Appalachian Mountains1. Represent the remnants of a himalayan-type mountain chain2. formed from there stages of island arc and continental collision3. were rifted, the components of which occur on both sides of the atlantic ocean4. once stretched from the baltic regions of northern Europe to west Texas 5. ALL OF THE ABOVE 5. ALL OF THE ABOVE Continental collision results in 1. a double thickness of continental crust2. the formation of unusually high mountains within the interior of a continent3. the end of subduction4. a fault suture marked by fault-bounded slabs of serpentinite 5. ALL OF THE ABOVE 5. ALL OF THE ABOVE The Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale is used to access probable damage over the region impacted by an earthquake T/F True The youngest ocean crust can be found at (MOR) The youngest oceanic crust is at the bottom of the ridge which is formed by two diverging oceanic plates. When oceanic plates diverge, or move away from one another, magma fills the space they create forming a new layer of crust. The alps formed from collision of europe with Africa Seismologists have abandoned Richter magnitudes in favor of ____ magnitudes moment magnitudes ___-waves travel the fastest and are the first to be felt during an earthquake P waves The intense ground shaking on water-saturated ground is termed liquefaction Heating the inner portions of earth resulted from the FISSION of the hydrogen atoms T/F True Planet earth had very little atmosphere at the time of its formationT/F True A rock sample from saturn, if brought back to earth, would be much heavier than any common earth rock False lighter The universe is expanding today True Edwin Hubble confirmed what theory? theory of expanding universe Mars has an atmosphere at 0.7% of that of earth and is mostly _____ CO2 Venus has an atmosphere at 90x that of the earth and is mostly ________ CO2 Galaxies have a reddish color due to the doppler effect The origin of the universe is called the big bang The universe was formed ___ years ago 13.7 billion Fuel of stars including our sun is hydrogen What is the Cambrien era and when did it begin? The beginning of life (3.8 billion years) Earth is _____ yrs old 4.6 billion Earths moon died____ years ago 4 billion Water came from commets Air came from volcanoes Oldest rock is _____ y.o. from the ___ period and can be found in _______ 4 billion, archean, Grand Canyon Heating of the inner portions of the earth resulted from the fusion of hydrogen atoms T/F False it results from radioactivity Who confirmed the expansion of the universe? Edwin Hubble meteorites brought_____ to earth metal The K-T extinction was1. caused by asteroids2. not the biggest one3. led to the age of reptiles4. led to the beginning of mammales5. occurred 66 million6. all of the above ALL OF THE ABOVE Humans on Earth:1. genus date back to 2.5 million years2. homo sapien 40, 000 years3. did not have a population about 1 billion union 1830s4. emerged during the ice age5. settled in the americans during the last 15,000 years6. All of the above All of the above Island arcs result from the convergence of two ocean platesT/F True Subduction zone earthquakes range in depth from shallow at the trench to several hundred kilometers beneath the overriding plate T/F True Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges True Rifting of Gondwanaland resulted in the formation of Laurasia and Pangea : T/F False other way around What is a fault? A fault is a crack in the earths crust resulting from moving plates Rift valley The separation of divergent plates on a continent Convergent boundary is a boundary where two separate plates are pushing into each other A volcanic hot mudflow is known as a (an) _____. lahar Island arcs result from convergence of two oceanic plates T/F True Volcanic activity of the Cascade Mountain Range of the Pacific Northwest results from continental collision T/F False A ropey type of basalt lava is termed pahoehoe Heating of the inner portions of the Earth result from fusion of Hydrogen atoms. T/F False The port town of St. Pierre, on the Caribbean island of Martinique, was destroyed by nuee ardente. T/F True Mauna Loa of Hawaii is an example of a shield volcano Hot spot volcanoes originate from the core/mantle boundary Large igneous intrusions are known as batholiths mid ocean tracks such as that of hawaii and the emperor seamount chainindicate that indicate plate mption opposite to the direction of younging of the volcanic islands and seamounts. ** A ___ is a thin, cross-cutting intrusion. dike A ___ is a thin intrusion that runs parallel or concordant to layers. sill ___ texture results from slow cooling deep in the Earth. Phaneritic ___ are frozen bubbles in a volcanic rock. vesiceles Basalts are the most fluid (least viscous) of lava flows because of their high Temperature and low Silica content. Both the Red Sea and the Gulf of California are the recent result of rifting and seafloor spreading. T/F True ___ ___ is a type of mass wasting that involves the gradual and slow downhill movement of soil. soil creep The widening of joints by expanding ice is known as frost wedging The irregular surface at the toe of a slide is termed hummocky ground. Seven indications of previous or probably landslide activity include steep slopes, soft rocks, water, loss of vegetation, dip slope conditions, prior history, or fracturing. The ___ Cycle involves the weathering of igneous rocks into sediment, forming sedimentary rocks, which with heat and pressure become metamorphic rocks, to then be melted back into igneous rocks. Rock Rhyolite is the least fluid (most viscous) form of lava because of its low Temperature and high Silica content The San Andreas Fault is a boundary between the North American and Pacific plates, the latter presently moving northward toward the Aleutian trench. T/F True The convecting zone of partial melt in the mantle is termed the asthenosphere Soil creep causes bent trees Rock debris at the bottom of a rock form is known as talus. T/F True Ocean crust melts during subduction, forming andesite magma, the dominant volcanic rock of island arcs.T/F True From high to low temp, the minerals in Bowens Reaction Series are: olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite The widening of joints by expanding ice is known as Frost Wedging Mt. St. Helens is an example of composite (strato) volcano Mass wasting that involves the downward slump of a rock unit or coherent rock material along a curved surface is slump A blocky type of basalt lava is termed aa Ocean crust melts during subduction, forming andesite magma, the dominant volcanic rock of island arcs. true A ____ volcano is primarily composed of air fall and pyroclastic basaltic material. cinder cone Japan Type of Volcano is: Convergent in sea, has a volcanic arc and is deep-sea trench Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges. T/F True Our Solar Systems great mop-up occurred 4.6 billion yrs ago Continental Shelf is the surface of a ___ ridge Wilson Cycle describes Rifting of ancient lithosphere, sea floor spreading, mid plate process, plate convergence, and THE CREATION OF NEW CRUST AND THE DEEP MANTLE (change in ages of lithosphere) large igneous rocks are known as basalts ____ results from cooling deep in earth phanoritic silica in basalt: high or low? low silica , less viscous 4 stages of rift stages upwelling rifting subduction collision Andesitic and rhyolitic eruptions tend to be explosive because of their gas content and high viscosity. T/F true The wedge of sediments accumulating off shore of a rifted continental margin is known as a geocline Heating of the inner portions of the Earth result from fusion of Hydrogen atoms. False Mauna Loa of Hawaii is an example of a Shield Volcano Fuel of Stars =Fuel of Planets + moons = hydrogenradioactive energy Volcanic explosions yield ___ texture. pyroclastic Mass wasting is not a natural form of erosion and is generally induced by the influence of humans. T/F False Valley widening primarily occurs by mass wasting subsequent to erosion by running water. T/F True Magmas rise because they have low density Universe is expanding solar system is not True Mass movement of unconsolidated fluid mixtures of rock, dirt, sand, and water is a flow The irregular surface at the toe of a slide is termed hummocky ground Basalt forms from the melting of mantle periodite Rhyolite is the least fluid (most viscous) form of lava because of its low temperature and high silica content The fluid motion of the outer core is the cause of the Earths magnetic field. T/F True As early as 1911, Alfred Wegener presented ideas about seafloor spreading. T/F True The convecting zone of partial melt in the mantle is termed aesthenosphere The difference in magnitude between earthquakes with Richter and/or moment magnitudes 2 and 5 is 1,000 Subduction zones:have the most earthquakeshave the deepest earthquakeshave the most violent volcanoesdescend to the core-mantle boundaryall of the above all of the above Early Heating of the Earth:Formed the core and mantleMelted iron and some nickelLet to the formation of the magnetic fieldOccurred soon after planetary formationAll of the above All of the above Continental collision results in:A double thickness of continental crustThe formation of unusually high mountains within the interior of a continentThe end of subductionA fault suture marked by fault-bounded slabs of serpentiniteAll of the above all of the above Plinan Eruption (2 volcanoes that do them and what it looks like) st. helenes and mt vesuvius , its a gas and pyroclastic explosion that goes high into the atmosphere a broad volcano made up sole of basalt lava flows is a ___ volcano shield What are the phanoretic equivalent of basalt andesite and rhyolite respectively gabbro, diorite, granite What is the pacific ring of fire? the aleutions Nuee Ardente is the same thing as Pyroclastic Flow (Monserrat 1996) neer ardent/pyroclastic lava does what? glows Wilson cycle? (in 3 points) rift submurge collision when you see the himalayasians topography map with red outline that means? continental collision what two places can you find cinder cone volcanos hawaii and maui a shield volcano has fluid magma flows that travel further than start volcanoes T/F True what two plate movements have shallow earthquakes? divergent and shallow pt. Fermin has block slumps T/F true Hot pot volcanoes can be found in iceland and hawaii what rocks are particular to ocean/ocean convergence? andesite/diorite what rocks are particular to ocean/plate convergence? basalt/gabro what rocks are particular to divergent plates? andesite/dioriteand rhyolite/granite what are two type of subduction zones with immense volcanoes? japan-type and andean-type Plinean vertical blast often to very high altitudes in the atmosphere, ash fall, tuffs Pelean pyroclastic flows (nuee ardente), ash flow, welded tuffs just know

Whatever you choice Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Whatever you choice - Term Paper Example Land was well subdivided and they adopted rotation of crops from one parcel of land to another. Rome used its might to conquer other to get food from other countries under its authority such as Egypt. Crops were grown on extensive farms called ‘latifudia’ and the main source of labor was by slaves from conquered empires (Frank 3). These slaves were placed in three categories with each category enjoying its unique privileges. Highly ranked was the steward who oversaw the management of the estates, below under them was the field foreman who oversaw the work done by the field workers. The region enjoyed adequate rainfall throughout the year, this facilitated growth of several varieties of crops. Despite the ample rainfall, farmers adopted water harvesting to facilitate farming during the summer season (Frank 5). The region’s hilly and mountainous landscape was disastrous to farming because soil erosion was very prevalent, in order to curb this the farmers devised various methods such as application of manure to improve soil fertility, and mixed farming to reduce the impact of runoff. Consequently, crop rotation was also embraced in order to reduce monoculture that threatened soil fertility because of excessive utilization of particular nutrients while others remained in the soil unutilized. Romans produced and traded with a variety of crops. The common trade goods around the Mediterranean ocean were olive oil, grains and wine all of which are farm products. They did not stop there, they continued engaging in domestication of new crops, by around 6000 BC they had embraced the farming of lentils, flax, peas, barley, wheat, grapes, fruits and nuts. It was important for crop farmers to establish permanent residences since there was need for storage of their farm products (Frank 7). The growth of different crops covered for chances of crop failure but they could also result into

EFFECTIVE RESEARCH & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE + ISM Case Study

EFFECTIVE RESEARCH & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE + ISM - Case Study Example This can act as a delimiting factor at times. However, I feel that with a little bit of push I can make it to the top. I don’t feel that I possess any kind of threat. There are immense opportunities which I can cash upon. My curious nature, my cognitive thinking skills and my ability to work under pressure. All this will ensure that I produce high quality work in less time. The article is an empirical study on the role and scope of knowledge management systems in organizations. The article’s aims were well defined and chalked out. The article tried to test hypothetical the belief that the technologies used for information purposes in organizations and to lend support to business operations need to more in sync with each other. The focus was to redefine and reanalyze the purpose of KMS in light of the ways most organizations perceive Knowledge management. The study made use of findings from Delphi study and various in-depth interviews were conducted by them. Eventually, it concluded in a suggestion for developing organizational knowledge management systems. It was a qualitative analysis that came to the conclusion that knowledge management systems should be better integrated with the overall technology used in the firm. Thus instead of using a Knowledge Management system as a distinct entity the focus should be put the KMS in context with the prevailing technologies and enhancing their potential through the KM capabilities. The quality of the article was good. It was well researched, well explained and well substantiated. The limitations of the study were clearly indicated in the end and the discussion of the findings was very comprehensive. I believe that a qualitative study should be conducted for this research. As explained by many researchers, a qualitative study is more helpful when complex human behavior need to be researched and studied. In this study, current human behavior towards tutorial systems, prospect attitude towards them and a complex

Depression and Suicidal Ideation: Mental Health Case Study

Depression and Suicidal Ideation: Mental Health Case Study Introduction Mental health nursing is a complex healthcare practice, because it aims to meet the needs of clients with mental health needs, which are usually also complex and require more than a single therapeutic approach. Mental health nurses usually provide supportive and therapeutic care adhering to nursing and healthcare principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, and adhere to the principles published in the national guidance, of client-centred care focused on service user need, as enshrined in the National Service Framework for Mental Health (Department of Health, 1999). Mental health nursing usually involves the provision of ongoing, supportive therapeutic interventions and ‘talking’ therapies, which can include counselling based on established principles. This role of the mental health nurse involves the formation of a therapeutic relationship with the client, in order to support the client to development self-management and coping strategies for the ongoing control of th eir condition and its symptoms, in conjunction with pharmacological treatments. This critical essay will explore the mental health nursing care of a particular, identified patient encountered in clinical practice, in whose care the author was directly involved. It explores the provision of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to a single client who had complex health needs and challenging symptoms, reviewing the usefulness and appropriateness of the therapy, the effects or projected effects on the client’s wellbeing and symptoms, and the issues surrounding such care for the client in relation to rehabilitation and recovery as part of their mental health journey. The essay will focus on the care of one client with depression and suicidal ideation, looking not at the acute phase of mental health care, but the rehabilitation phase where the client is being supported into ways of managing symptoms and returning to a useful, active social life where they can function effectively within society. The essay focuses on the goals and principles enshrined in the NSF for Mental Health (DoH, 1999), that of achieving the best possible standards of health and wellbeing for the client and the best possible control of their symptoms. It will explore the rationales and process of the therapeutic intervention, and use this intervention within a person-centred model of counselling, support and care. Client Background and History The client, who for the purposes of this essay will be called Lisa (this being a pseudonym used to ensure client confidentiality), is a 19 year old young woman with a history of depression and suicidal ideation. Lisa first presented to the local mental health services at the age of 16, after an acute episode of physical self harm and attempted suicide. Lisa’s self-harming behaviour takes the form of cutting, usually to the arms, legs and abdomen, although she has been known at times to also cut her face and neck. During her first admission, Lisa was diagnosed as having Depression with Psychotic symptoms. She has been managed with a combination of Fluoexetine and a range of other medications, but is known to have frequent relapse due to medication non-compliance. Lisa has a complex personal and social history which goes some way to explaining her current state of mental ill health. She was abandoned by her single parent mother at the age of 11, from which time until the age of 16 she spent in local authority care, a mixture of foster homes and care facilities. At age 16 she left care and went on the streets, but at 17 after her third hospital admission was able to get into a social support programme, secure accommodation for herself, and start to attend college. Lisa is still at college, studying beauty therapy. She has a history of sexual abuse, but for the past year and a half has been living a relatively stable life, with a good social life and a busy college life. Lisa has presented this time with a relapse in her Depression, and has demonstrated a strong suicidal ideation, low mood and being very withdrawn and apathetic. She has, this time, attempted suicide through overdose of a friend’s prescribed medication accompanied by severe cutting to the arms, legs and breasts. After being medically stabilised, she was admitted to the mental health ward, and after two weeks on the ward, fully compliant with her medication, was making some progress towards rehabilitation. Discussion Norman and Ryrie (2004) describe mental health nursing as a process of working with clients to allow them to develop the skills to regain control over their lives through managing their mental health. Ultimately, mental health nursing supports clients into a phase of recovery (Tschudin, 1995), which means that they are not overwhelmed by their symptoms and can manage them through a combination of medication, personal supportive therapies, and other support, in order to lead ‘normal’ lives within society and achieve personal goals. Mental health nursing is based upon a range of principles, some of which are scientific, some of which are more holistic (Norman and Ryrie, 2004). Mental health nursing supports clients through the acute phases of their illness, via crisis management, and through the chronic stages of their illness, through longer-term processes of rehabilitation (Perkins and Repper, 2004). Quite often, mental health service users are viewed in terms of their d isease and its treatment, but the provision of true client-centred care should start off with a good understanding of the client and their condition, their particular needs, and then be followed by a judgement about how best to help them towards recovery along the spectrum of mental health and illness (Perkins and Repper, 2004; Foreyt and Poston, 1999). Recovery cannot be considered as a finite point in time, but as an ongoing balance between the client and their illness, wherein the client aims to achieve the ability to function at the level they desire, through accessing appropriate support (Perkins and Repper, 2004; Greenberger and Padesky, 1995)). The judgement about what kind of support is best is based upon a number of factors, but most often, the decision about which of the many approaches to supportive therapies and counselling will be used is based upon both the client need, and the mental health nurse’s own knowledge about, experience of, and preference for, a parti cular form of therapy (Puentes, 2004). Mental health nurses, therefore, must have a good understanding of themselves, their philosophical orientation in relation to counselling, and the therapies on offer, and are most likely to provide those with which they have the most familiarity. In this case, the author is describing their own philosophical approach as matching that of their clinical practice mentor, who, as an experienced mental health nurse, is a strong advocate of client centred approaches to counselling. Gamble and Curthouys (2004) describe these approaches as being founded on Rogerian principles that include empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive regard. Rogers (1957 in Gamble and Curthouys, 2004) suggest that within a therapeutic relationship, which is a supportive relationship between client and nurse, with the express goal of attaining rehabilitation or recovery, there should be certain features which support the client towards ‘functionality’. Thus, there needs to be contact between tw o people, nurse and client, in which the client is in a condition of incongruence, and the nurse a state of congruence, and in which the nurse displays unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding, towards the client (Rogers, 1957 in Gamble and Curthouys, 2004). The nurse must be able to communicate these factors to the client, within the client’s frame of reference (Rogers, 1957 in Gamble and Curthouys, 2004 Bryant-Jefferies (2006) argues that the therapeutic relationship must be founded on empathy, and that in order to achieve empathy the nurse must employ active listening, and must attend to all the signs and the kinds of communication which the client displays, providing a sense of being ‘present’ with the client in whatever experience they are retelling or currently experiencing. One of the more challenging aspects of developing such a relationship with the client is the provision of unconditional positive regard, which Bozarth and Wilkins (2001 in Bryant-Jefferies, 2006) describe as an ongoing, unceasing and unflagging ‘warm acceptance’ of the individual, regardless of what they might say. Some authors describe this as the element of the therapeutic relationship that is most likely to support the client towards recovery (Bozarth and Wilkins, 2001 in Bryant-Jefferies, 2006). In this case, the mental health nurse (the author’s mentor) who was the prima ry support person for the client, fully aspired to such principles and to the concept of developing the best possible therapeutic relationship with the client. The literature consistently demonstrates that the quality of the therapeutic relationship is fundamental to the client achieving a state of mental health and wellbeing (DoH, 2001; DoH, 2006; Nice, 2004). The author agreed with this and felt that their own therapeutic philosophy was founded upon similar principles, making it appropriate to get involved in the case. The client was also happy to have the author present, as they were involved in there are from admission, and had spent some time observing the client during the acute phase to prevent further self harm. Depression is a surprisingly common, yet often serious mental illness, which can present in a variety of ways, with features such as â€Å"low mood, lack of enjoyment and interest, reduced energy, sleep disturbance,appetite disturbance, reduced confidence and self-esteem, and pessimistic thinking† (Embling, 2002; p 33). According to Embling (2002), these symptoms can have a significant effect on people’s ability to take part in normal daily life or social activities, and in particular, the low mood and predisposition towards pessimistic thoughts can have a negative impact on thought processes, leading to suicidal ideation (Rollman et al, 2003).. There are a number of individual and social issues which have been shown to have an association with depression, including physical illness (acute and chronic), poverty or low socioeconomic status and deprivation, divorce, bereavement or relationship breakdown, loss of a job or sudden, negative change in circumstances, ethnic minority status, and concomitant mental illness (Embling, 2002). It is a chronic condition which can manifest in acute episodes which are often successfully managed with pharmacological and non-pharmacological support, but the relapse rate is high for many patients (Embling, 2002). It can range from mild depression to severe depression or anywhere along a spectrum in between (Rollman et al, 2003). A wide variety of therapeutic approaches have been used in treating this illness, and in Lisa’s case, she had had some success previously with solution-focused brief therapy, but had found herself relapsing once regular, close contact with a mental health nurse had lapsed. Lisa admitted that she felt the time was right to take control of her life and find ways of coping with her illness more independently, and was keen for strategies which would allow her to avoid having such serious relapses, because they themselves had a negative effect on her life and potential career. Therefore, it was agreed that CBT might be the optimal approach. Luty et al (2007) argue that CBT is not always the most efficacious therapeutic choice for severe depression, but in Lisa’s case, it seemed worth trying, particularly as her worst symptoms were related to not maintaining her medication, and once she was on her medication, the focus had to be on keeping her well enough to keep taking the tablets. Other literature suggests that CBT is effective in patients who have had a history of sexual abuse (Price et al, 2001) This seemed to imply that the focused approach to support that CBT offered would the right way, particularly as it is so focused on relapse p revention. According to NACBT (2007) cognitive behavioural therapy is the term used to describe a variety of therapeutic or interpersonal interventions, all of which are characterised by a focus on the importance of how clients think, and how this thinking impacts upon their feelings, their responses to stimuli and stressors, and their actions. Its value lies in the fact that it is structured, directive, and also time-limited, strong focusing client and nurse on the current problem, on how the client feels and thinks at the single point in time that therapy is taking place (Embling, 2002). CBT is based on â€Å"the theory that the way an individual behaves is determined by his or her idiosyncratic view of a particular situation, thus the way we think determines the way we feel and behave †(Embling, 2002p 34). According to Embling (2002), Beck et al (1979) introduced CBT , suggesting that â€Å"CBT can treat depression as it helps the client to evaluate and modify distorted thought processes and dysfunctional behaviours† (Embling, 2002) p 38). According to NACBT (2007) CBT has expanded within the therapeutic domain to include a range of approaches based upon the sample principles, including, Rational Behaviour Therapy, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy , Rational Living Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Dialectic Behaviour Therapy, all of which are based on what are described as â€Å"cognitive models of social response†. These in turn have been based on philosophical principles derived from Socratic thought, wherein individuals aim to attain a state of calm and tranquillity when challenged by stressful or difficult situations and experiences (NACBT, 2007). Thus the idea is to modulate the responses to life and experiences which precipitate symptoms of mental illness. The coun sellor directs the client to use inductive methods combined with principles of rational thinking and educative approaches, to support behavioural self-managed over the longer term , (NACBT, 2007; Sensky et al, 2000) and to prevent relapses (Bruce et al, 1999). Therefore, in CBT, the nurse provides the client with the ability to explore their behaviours, their responses and their typical symptomatic responses in particular in certain situations, and assists them in developing ways of mediating such responses so that they do not relapse into behaviours characteristic of their illness (Sensky et al, 2000; RCP, 2007; BABCP, 2007). Management of Lisa’s Care To begin with, it was really important to ensure that Lisa’s counselling and therapy was truly person-centred, in order to develop a good relationship between Lisa, the primary nurse and the author (NELMH, 2007; Moyle, 2003). The author hoped that Lisa would respond well to this approach because it would allow for the demonstration of empathy and a good understanding of how her life, previous mental illness and personal circumstances were contributing to her current illness, and therefore would support congruence in provision of support to meet her needs and address her specific concerns. However, the difficulty in achieving congruence here was that the author could not really claim to fully understand the effects of Lisa’s previous experience of sexual abuse or really relate to her experiences, and in particular, the author found some elements of her history, including the stories she told relating the sexual abuse, as very disturbing. The author discussed this with th e nurse mentor prior to the counselling sessions, and discussed how to achieve that true sense of congruence and presence, without communication their own abhorrence of the experiences that Lisa was relating. It was decided that it would be acceptable to tell Lisa that the author was appalled by these experiences, because this would underline the fact that she should not have had to suffer this abuse and that she was right to seek help in dealing with the effects on her mental health. Therefore, the author was able to enter into this counselling in supportive frame of mind, and able to achieve empathy without communicating negative feelings to the client. The focus of Lisa’s CBT was on the suicidal ideation/self-harming and the low mood and self-abhorrence that were the main manifestations of her depression. Collins and Cutcliffe (2003) show that one of the most common features displayed by mental health service users with suicidal ideation is hopelessness. This was certainly the case for Lisa, who displayed a sever pessimism about life and her ability to achieve anything like lasting recovery. Her goals to become a beauty therapist seemed unobtainable, and she felt she had no hope of making a new life for herself that was not ‘ruined’ by her previous life. However, Collins and Cutcliffe (2003) recommend CBT for this kind of pessimistic thinking because it focuses the client on establishing ‘hopefulness’ within their thought patterns. Other research shows that suicide risk can be reduced if individuals can experience others showing concern for them (Casey et al, 2006). This was supported by the author’s and the mentor’s firm belief in the efficacy of CBT for clients such as Lisa (Joyce et al, 2007). Thus, it was possible to establish an initial level of trust, and through the therapeutic relationship, the author was able to support Lisa in exploring her conditional assumptions (Curran et al, 2006) which led to the ongoing, spiralling pessimism, and then using CBT, we were able to set goals for each counselling session, set ‘homework’ which focused on self-management, and then reflect on progress as each session followed the previous one (Curran et al, 2006). The sessions focused on relapse prevent ion through changing cognitive patterns and schema, rehearsing relapse drills, and ensuring ongoing compliance with medication (Papakostas et al, 2003. While some authors argue for the need for inclusion of family or carers in therapeutic interventions such as (Chiocca, 2007), this was not possible with Lisa because she had no family and although she had a number of good friends made through her college course, none of them knew of her mental illness. The focus was therefore on health education, developing personal skills, and helping Lisa to cope with issues such as her current socioeconomic status (Jackson et al, 2006; Cutler et al, 2004). . Conclusion If, as Calloway (2007 p 106) suggests â€Å"nursing is defined as a profession that protects, promotes, and restores health and that which prevents illness and injury†, then using such a client-empowering form of therapy, one which is based on the development of realistic coping mechanisms (Salkovskis, 1995; Deakin, 1993), was the right approach with Lisa. Discussion with her revealed that focusing on relapse prevention, within an honest therapeutic relationship which addressed the factors affecting her mental health, and addressed the ways of thinking and behaviours which led to relapse, was the right approach, because these were, fundamentally, her primary needs. The person-centred approach, in particular, seemed to give her the positive, ongoing interpersonal contact she needed, such that she did demonstrate signs of moving into a state of rehabilitation and recovery. References BABCP (2007) CBT Today36 (3) Available form www.babcp.com Accessed 5-1-09 Bozarth, J. and Wilkins, P. (eds) (2001) Rogers’ Therapeutic Conditions: evolution, theory and practice Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books. In: Bryant-Jeffries, R. (2006) Counselling for Eating Disorders in Women: Person-centred dialogues Oxford: Radcliffe. Bruce, T.J., Spiegel, D.A. and Hegel, M.T. (1999) Cognitive-behavioural therapy helps prevent relapse and recurrence of panic disorder following alprazolam discontinuation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 67 (1) 151-156. Bryant-Jeffries, R. (2006) Counselling for Eating Disorders in Women: Person-centred dialogues Oxford: Radcliffe. Calloway, S. (2007) Mental Health Promotion: Is Nursing Dropping the Ball?. Journal of Professional Nursing 23 (2) 105-109. Casey, P.R., Dunn, G., Kelly, B. et al (2006) Factors associated with suicidal ideation in the general population: Five-centre analysis from the ODIN study. The British Journal of Psychiatry 189(5) 410-415. Chiocca, E. (2007) Suicidal ideation Nursing 37(5) 72. Collins, S. and Cutcliffe, J.R. (2003) Addressing hopelessness in people with suicidal ideation: building upon the therapeutic relationship utilizing a cognitive behavioural approach. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 10 (2) , 175–185 Curran, J., Machin, C. and Gournay, K. (2006) Cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with anxiety and depression. Nursing Standard 21(7) 44-52. Cutler, J.L, Goldyne, A., Markowitz, J.C. et al (2004) Comparing cognitive behaviour therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 161 (9) 1569-1578. Deakin, H. G. (1993) Behavioural and Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches. Ch21 pp251-292. 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